NBEO Binocular Vision Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which statement best describes the phi phenomenon in binocular vision testing?
• Which of the following characteristics would LEAST likely favor the likelihood of a patient developing Eccentric fixation?
• Plus lenses to help with NPC are expected in which condition?
• Which of the following is NOT a MEM finding option?
• Which criterion states that the smaller fusional vergence reserve should be at least half the greater fusional vergence reserve?
• A patient has 8 CRXT and their subjective angle is 10 XT. What type of correspondence do they have?
• In the example case, what was the tentative ADD?
• Which finding indicates reduced PFV ranges?
• Post Trauma Vision Syndrome can be addressed with which prism configuration to reduce symptoms (a commonly cited approach)?
• Which Morgan's norms triple corresponds to Distance BO smooth vergences?
• Which is the LEAST likely finding in a patient with Accommodative Insufficiency?
• Infantile ET is typically constant rather than intermittent.
• Which criterion generally requires a larger compensatory vergence reserve relative to the phoria demand?
• Duane's Retraction Syndrome Type 1 is defined by which limitation?
• For FCC, if the horizontal lines are sharper at the beginning of the test, do you add plus lenses or minus lenses until both the horizontally and vertically oriented lines are equally sharp?
• Which criterion states that the compensatory fusional vergence reserve should be at least twice the demand of the phoria?
• What term describes the line of sight going through the fovea?
• Which finding is most likely in a basic exophoria regarding the AC/A ratio?
• Which statement most accurately describes convergence insufficiency in relation to divergence insufficiency?
• Which formula expresses Hofstetter's average amplitude of accommodation?
• In HAC correspondence, the objective angle equals the angle of anomaly. Which option best reflects this description?
• Which measurement is used to assess esophoric deviations under Sheard's criterion?
• During Worth 4 Dot testing, if two red dots are seen, this indicates suppression of which eye?
• NOT typically true about Infantile (congenital) ET?
• Patients with amblyopia will often experience the ___________ phenomenon with a Snellen acuity chart.
• What effect does NRA have on accommodation?
• Which statement about paradoxical fixation disparity is correct?
• A patient with an esophoria will see the image move to which direction as the paddle is switched from covering the left eye to the right eye?
• Paradoxical fixation disparity occurs when the associated and disassociated phorias are in which relationship?
• Morgan's norms refer to the expected findings during smooth vergence testing expressed as which of the following?
• Which anomalous correspondence type is associated with the highest tendency to diplopia when angle is equal: PAC 2?
• Which finding is NOT typically associated with Divergence Insufficiency?
• In Duane's Retraction Syndrome Type 1 is most associated with which limitation?
• Which statement describes a finding most consistent with a micro ET when considering suppression and test findings?
• What are the Morgan's norms for Distance BI smooth vergences?
• Which description is more closely related to points within object space?
• Which Morgan's norms triple corresponds to Near BO smooth vergences?
• Which of the following is NOT a device used to measure fixation disparity?
• In ARC classification, HAC is defined as which description?
• Which statement best describes a hallmark of attention-related deficits after brain injury?
• A MEM result of > +1.00 D would most likely indicate a lag of accommodation.
• Which fixation disparity curve is seen in a sigmoidal shape and present in patients that are asymptomatic?
• Does the minus lens test tend to overestimate or underestimate the amplitude of accommodation?
• Which of the following is a binocular test that assesses accommodation?
• Which CN palsy is the closest differential to Divergence Insufficiency?
• Which condition is expected to show improvement in NPC with plus lenses?
• Which test uses a direct ophthalmoscope to check the red reflexes in a patient?
• Which device is used to measure fixation disparity?
• Which combination of findings would best indicate Fusional Vergence Dysfunction?
• The horopter is a spatial representation of all points in space imaged on corresponding retinal points in the two eyes. Which option completes this definition?
• Is egocentric a monocular or binocular phenomenon?
• PAC 1 is indicated when the subjective angle is esotropic relative to the objective angle. Which option corresponds?
• Which statement about fixation disparity curve types is correct?
• A MEM result of +0.80 D would most likely indicate a lag of accommodation.
• Will a patient with Accommodative Excess have a more reduced NRA or PRA?
• In the context of brain injury, the loss of the same side of the visual field in both eyes is known as?
• In the phi phenomenon, for an exo deviation, the paddle motion direction when the eye is uncovered is which?
• Which test is commonly used to evaluate eccentric fixation?
• What is the formula for prescribing Rx using Percival's criterion?
• Which threshold is associated with isometropia astigmatism amblyogenic factor in BOTH eyes?
• A patient has 10 pd of esophoria with BI vergence 6/10/4 and BO vergence 21/28/22. What is the prism amount and direction prescribed using Percival's criterion?
• What are the Morgan's norms for Near BO smooth vergences?
• In the minus lens method, which statement is true regarding working-distance correction?
• Is eccentric fixation a monocular or binocular phenomenon?
• In fusional vergence dysfunction, would you expect more abnormal BAF or MAF results?
• Hirschberg's test is measured under which conditions?
• In prism prescribing, what does the abbreviation 'pd' stand for?
• A patient has 8 CRXT and their subjective angle is 6 XT. What type of correspondence do they have?
• Which occlusion type is more likely used in the treatment of Post Trauma Vision Syndrome?
• In the calculated AC/A ratio, what unit is used for near fixation distance?
• Which statement best describes Convergence Excess regarding accommodation lag on MEM?
• Which of the following is NOT measured under monocular conditions?
• Does NRA indirectly test PFV or NFV?
• Which measurement is performed under monocular conditions?
• Which patient will fail BAF and MAF testing?
• What is it called when an esotrope develops temporal eccentric fixation?
• During Binocular Accommodation Facility testing, convergence insufficiency patients may be unable to clear which type of lenses?
• Damage to which parietal lobe is more likely to cause left hemifield neglect?
• Which of the following does NOT test the accuracy of the accommodative system?
• During Worth 4 Dot testing, if four dots are seen, what does this indicate?
• Which term describes when patients with heterophoria cannot obtain fusion and images jump over each other?
• Moderate Amblyopia is classified based on which VA range?
• Worth 4 Dot testing in a dark room tests for which type of suppression?
• Asthenopia commonly includes headaches and eye strain during visual tasks.
• Which type of amblyopia is caused by uncorrected astigmatism and persists even after the correction of that astigmatism?
• Which statement is NOT a characteristic of a Micro ET?
• Anisometropia with astigmatism as an amblyogenic factor is defined by a diopter difference greater than what value between the eyes?
• To neutralize an esophoria on the cover test, which prism base direction is used?
• In Worth 4 Dot testing, seeing five dots indicates what?
• Which type of testing is NOT used to directly determine the angle of anomaly?
• In the AC/A formula, what is subtracted inside the parentheses?
• Which Morgan's norms triple corresponds to Distance BI smooth vergences?
• To neutralize an exophoria on the cover test, which prism base direction is used?
• Will a patient with Accommodative Insufficiency have a lag or lead of accommodation on MEM?
• If the corneal reflex is displaced temporally in one eye during a Krimsky test, which prism should be added to neutralize the finding?
• Which fixation disparity curve is seen in an exo deviation?
• Which Morgan's norms triple corresponds to Near BI smooth vergences?
• Which test is used to confirm a small central suppression scotoma in suspected micro ET?
• Which test is administered as a combined after-image test to help assess anomaly angles?
• Which term describes a condition involving impaired spatial attention following brain injury?
• Which formula expresses Hofstetter's minimum amplitude of accommodation?
• If the subjective angle differs from the objective angle, you would categorize as which type?
• Which prism type tests positive fusional vergence (PFV)?
• Which management approach is used to reduce symptoms in Post Trauma Vision Syndrome?
• Minus lenses indirectly test which vergence function?
• A 1 mm shift on Hirschberg/Angle lambda represents approximately how many prism diopters of deviation?
• In Anisometropic Hyperopia, which eye will always have a blurred retinal image?
• Which fixation disparity curve is seen in an eso deviation?
• Which of the following does NOT test the amount of accommodation present (amplitude)?
• Which condition is associated with a higher AC/A ratio?
• In the Krimsky test, what determines which prism direction is used to neutralize the deviation?
• Which of the following tests is NOT performed under monocular conditions?
• What is the most common type of ARC?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the 3 main types of acquired ET?
• In a patient with a right homonymous hemianopsia due to stroke, the bases of the yoked prisms should be oriented toward which direction?
• Plus lenses indirectly test which vergence function?
• Which statement is NOT true regarding Post Trauma Vision Syndrome?
• Isometropia myopia as an amblyogenic factor is characterized by a prescription greater than how many diopters in BOTH eyes?
• What does the term homonymous hemianopsia describe?
• Exophoria neutralization: Which prism is used to neutralize an exophoria on the cover test?
• Is Infantile XT or Infantile ET more likely to be a constant, unilateral deviation?
• NRA indirectly tests PFV and PRA indirectly tests NFV. Which of the following statements is true?
• Infantile ET will typically present before __________ months of age.
• Which testing is better at detecting peripheral stereopsis?
• During a 4 BO prism test with the prism over the right eye, the left eye does not move outward or re-fixate. This implies which of the following?
• Does the push-up test tend to overestimate or underestimate the amplitude of accommodation compared to other methods?
• Which statement is true about the horopter?
• With the Maddox rod oriented vertically over the right eye, and the red line seen below the light source, this indicates which deviation?
• With the Maddox rod oriented vertically over the right eye, and the red line seen above the light source, this indicates which deviation?
• Consecutive ET is best described as a postoperative complication causing what type of deviation after overcorrection of exodeviation?
• Left hemifield neglect is most closely associated with damage to which brain region?
• Isometropia is defined as equal refractive error in both eyes. True or false?
• Do esotropes typically develop nasal or temporal eccentric fixation?
• Which type is more likely to show diplopia when the objective angle is the same: PAC 1 or NRC?
• Which testing method relies on monocular cues, contour testing or global testing?
• Do you expect a patient to have a slight lag or slight lead of accommodation on MEM?
• What is the MOST likely cause of refractive amblyopia?
• Which sign is a hallmark of Accommodative Insufficiency?
• A patient with Snellen acuity of 20/60 in the amblyopic eye would be categorized as which severity level?
• In a 4 BO prism test with the prism placed over the right eye, if the left eye moves outward and then re-fixates, this is considered which of the following?
• Which is the least common non-strabismic binocular vision disorder?
• What is Hofstetter's formula for the minimum amplitude of accommodation?
• Isometropia hyperopia as an amblyogenic factor is characterized by a prescription greater than how many diopters in BOTH eyes?
• The prism required to neutralize fixation disparity is known as ______ phoria.
• Which test is commonly used to estimate the magnitude of a deviation by applying prisms during a Hirschberg orientation?
• What is the expected finding for MAF in cpm?
• What is the most common symptom associated with Divergence Excess?
• Which test is used by introducing minus lenses until sustained blur occurs to assess amplitude?
• Under Percival's criterion, which prism direction is typically prescribed for esophoria?
• A patient has 8 CRXT and their subjective angle is 10 ET. What type of correspondence do they have?
• Which test is used to screen for strabismus by comparing red reflexes of the two eyes?
• PAC 2 is indicated when both the objective and subjective angles are exotropia with the subjective angle greater. Which option corresponds?
• Will a patient with Accommodative Insufficiency have a more reduced NRA or PRA?
• In Convergence Excess, which ranges are primarily reduced?
• According to the phi phenomenon, during a subjective cover test, a patient with an eso deviation would view the paddle motion in which direction relative to the deviation?
• Consecutive ET is iatrogenic in nature and is due to an overcorrection of which deviation during strabismus surgery?
• EP stands for which deviation?
• Meridional amblyopia persists after correcting astigmatism.
• Which CN palsy is the closest differential to Divergence Insufficiency?
• Severe amblyopia is classified based on which VA range?
• In the minus lens test, the correction added to account for the working distance is which value?
• The expected findings for a near point of convergence (NPC) test are a break value of 5 cm and a recovery value of 7 cm. Which option matches this?
• Is the inability to clear plus lenses on BAF and MAF more characteristic of Accommodative Insufficiency or Accommodative Excess?
• Anisometropia myopia as an amblyogenic factor is characterized as a difference greater than how many diopters between the two eyes?
• Which type of ET is MOST associated with a small central suppression scotoma that can be diagnosed with a 4 BO prism test?
• Infantile exotropia typically presents at what age?
• Which of the following is NOT measured under disassociated conditions?
• A microstrabismus is defined as a deviation less than ___ prism diopters that is not visible on the cover test.
• Which deviation is suggested by a temporal displacement of the corneal reflex on Hirschberg or angle lambda?
• Which term describes the area immediately around the horopter where objects are still seen as single and in depth (wiggle room)?
• Which of the following best describes meridional amblyopia?
• Is anomalous correspondence a monocular or binocular phenomenon?
• ______ is a binocular vision disorder similar to Convergence Insufficiency except it is primarily characterized by an accommodative insufficiency with CI characteristics.
• A patient’s cover test finding is 8 CRXT and their angle of anomaly is -8. What type of correspondence do they have?
• In Worth 4 Dot testing, seeing two red dots indicates suppression of which eye?
• If two eyes share the same objective strabismic angle, which type tends to experience more diplopia: UHAC or NRC?
• The phi phenomenon describes the patient's perception of movement in what relation to the direction of deviation when the eye is uncovered?
• Which occlusion type is more likely used to eliminate distracting peripheral stimuli while reading?
• In fusional vergence dysfunction, which accommodative test result is typically abnormal?
• During Worth 4 Dot testing, if five dots are seen, what does this indicate?
• Eccentric viewing occurs under monocular or binocular conditions?
• What is Hofstetter's formula for the maximum amplitude of accommodation?
• Which type of anomalous correspondence is least likely to produce diplopia?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the main types of amblyopia?
• Anisometropia hyperopia as an amblyogenic factor is characterized as a difference > ___________D between the two eyes.
• Which EOM palsy would MOST likely result in an acute Esotropia?
• Under Sheard's criterion, an esophoric deviation uses which fusional vergence measure at blur/break point?
• What test primarily distinguishes a phoria from a tropia?
• Which of the following is an abnormal cover test finding?
• If the corneal reflex is displaced nasally in one eye during a Krimsky test, which prism should be added to neutralize the finding?
• Worth 4 Dot testing in normal room illumination tests for which type of suppression?
• Which criterion is more effective for prescribing prism in patients with an esophoria?
• Which BV condition is most likely indicated by skipping lines while reading, diplopia, and a head tilt?
• In a basic exophoria, which finding would you least expect?
• Which fixation disparity curve is seen is associated with unstable binocular vision and will often have symptoms of aniseikonia and poor sensory fusion?
• Which criterion is more effective for prescribing prism in patients with an exophoria?
• ____________ XT is iatrogenic in nature and is often secondary to an over-correction of an esotropia during strabismic surgery.
• A microstrabismus is defined as a deviation smaller than which value that is not visible on cover test?
• Which statement correctly describes the condition of measuring Hirschberg under binocular conditions and Angle lambda under monocular conditions?
• If anisometropia results in +2.00D in the more hyperopic eye and +0.50D in the other, does this meet the amblyogenic threshold?
• What are the Morgan's norms for Distance BO smooth vergences?
• Which of the following is NOT associated with Infantile ET?
• Which is more likely to be caused by a congenital strabismus: eccentric fixation or eccentric viewing?
• What effect does PRA have on accommodation?
• What NPC finding is commonly observed in convergence insufficiency?
• What is the phenomenon in which the type of correspondence shifts depending on which eye is fixating?
• Accommodative ET is a type of what?
• Convergence insufficiency primarily has difficulty with PFV or NFV?
• Infantile ET is typically a large angle deviation greater than how many prism diopters?
• Which finding would you expect in a pseudo-CI patient but NOT a true CI patient?
• Which description is more closely related to points within the retina?
• Exotropes typically develop eccentric fixation in which direction?
• What are the Morgan's norms for Near BI smooth vergences?
• What is Hofstetter's formula for the average amplitude of accommodation?
• Panum's fusional area corresponds to which description?
• Which nerve is most commonly affected by trauma causing a non-comitant deviation?
• Which test is utilized to detect a small central scotoma suppression secondary to a microstrabismus?
• A patient with an exophoria will see the image move to which direction as the paddle is switched from covering the left eye to the right eye?
• What is the formula for prescribing prism using Sheard's criterion?
• Which test is NOT primarily used to evaluate eccentric fixation?
• ______ is a group of non-specific symptoms including blurred vision, intermittent diplopia, eye pain, eye strain or fatigue, and headaches that occur during or after the completion of visual tasks.
• According to the phi phenomenon, during a subjective cover test, a patient with an exo deviation would view the paddle motion in which direction relative to the deviation?
• In Worth 4 Dot testing, seeing three green dots indicates suppression of which eye?
• Is oculocentric a monocular or binocular phenomenon?
• What are the expected findings for MEM?
• Are plus lenses more recommended for patients with accommodative spasm or accommodative excess?
• What is the most likely etiology of a non-comitant deviation following a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?
• Which is more likely to be caused by exudative AMD: Eccentric Fixation or Eccentric Viewing?
• Which vergence range is reduced in fusional vergence dysfunction?
• Compared to BAF, MAF is expected to yield a higher cpm value.
• Which visual field defect is most common after severe traumatic brain injury?
• XP stands for which binocular term?
• In brain injury-related neglect, which visual field is more commonly neglected?
• In the phi phenomenon, for an eso deviation, the paddle motion direction when the eye is uncovered is which?
• During Worth 4 Dot testing, if three green dots are seen, this indicates suppression of which eye?
• During a 4 BO prism test, if the left eye moves outward and does not re-fixate, this is indicative of what?
• Which amplitude of accommodation test requires you to add the working distance (+2.50) to your findings?
• What is the most common binocular dysfunction associated with a TBI?
• The break point during smooth vergences represents the limit of which vergences?
• Which prism type tests negative fusional vergence (NFV)?
• Which term is the area around a corresponding retinal point where objects are still seen as single and in depth?
• Will a patient with Accommodative Excess have a lag or lead of accommodation on MEM?
• Meridional amblyopia is caused by uncorrected astigmatism.
• Which term does NOT mean the same thing as the others?
• Under Sheard's criterion, an exophoric deviation uses which fusional vergence measure at blur/break point?
• Amblyopia occurs at the level of the __________.
• Which of the following is NOT a typical cause of a hyperphoria?
• The blur point during smooth vergences represents the limit of which vergence?
• Angle lambda is measured under which conditions?
• Which is the most common non-strabismic binocular vision disorder?
• Which formula expresses Hofstetter's maximum amplitude of accommodation?
• For FCC, if the vertical lines are sharper at the beginning of the test, do you add plus lenses or minus lenses until both the vertically and horizontally oriented lines are equally sharp?
• Which statement best describes Infantile ET compared with Infantile XT regarding constancy and laterality?
• Which symptom is most characteristic of divergence excess?
• Which binocular vision disorder is characterized by an exo deviation greater at near than distance and a low AC/A ratio?
• In Worth 4 Dot testing, seeing four dots indicates what?
• In fusional vergence dysfunction, which finding would you LEAST expect?
• Which type of strabismus will MOST likely lead to amblyopia?
• Which deviation is suggested by a nasal displacement of the corneal reflex on Hirschberg or angle lambda?
• What is the formula for calculated AC/A?
• Which threshold is associated with isometropia myopia amblyogenic factor in BOTH eyes?
• What is the expected finding for BAF in cpm?
• Convergence insufficiency is best described as exophoria that is greater at near than at distance.
• Sensory XT and Sensory ET typically presents after the age of __________.
• Which threshold is associated with isometropia hyperopia amblyogenic factor in BOTH eyes?
• Would you expect more of a lag of accommodation on MEM in Convergence Insufficiency or Convergence Excess?
• Post Trauma Vision Syndrome patients are often overwhelmed in which environment?
• A patient has 15 prism diopters of exophoria at near and vergence ranges of 17/25/18 BI and 6/9/4 BO. Based on Sheard's criterion, what prism amount should be prescribed?
• Which method is a subjective way to determine the magnitude of a deviation that uses a Maddox rod?
• The horopter is the set of points in space imaged on which retinal points?
• An Acquired ET will typically present after __________ of age.
• Which of the following does NOT measure a patient's subjective angle when determining anomalous correspondence?
• Isometropia Astigmatism as an amblyogenic factor is characterized by a prescription greater than how many diopters in BOTH eyes?
• The Maddox Rod test performed at 40 cm is called?
• What are the expected findings for FCC of a non-presbyope?
• Esophoria neutralization: Which prism neutralizes an esophoria on the cover test?
• Which test involves using a direct ophthalmoscope to observe retinal reflexes for screening ocular alignment?
• Does PRA indirectly test PFV or NFV?
• In esotropia, eccentric fixation is typically in which direction?
• Which test is used to measure the magnitude of a deviation by utilizing prisms during a Hirschberg test?
• Using the minus lens method, a patient first experiences sustained blur at -3.00D. What is their amplitude of accommodation?
• Which statement about Infantile XT is NOT true?
• Which statement is true about Convergence Insufficiency and Convergence Excess?
• A patient has FCC of +1.00, NRA +1.50, PRA -1.00. What is the patient's tentative ADD?